Зв’язки між соціальним стресом, здоров’ям та соціальною поведінкою через призму еволюційного підходу

Автор(и)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18523/2617-9067.2022.5.14-25

Ключові слова:

групова належність, еволюція, стрес, запалення, здоров’я, захворювання, еволюційна невідповідність, теорія соціальної безпеки, орієнтація життєвої історії

Анотація

Дослідження надають систематичні докази впливу стресу на здоров’я. Існування в соціальній групі створює додаткові джерела стресу, і соціальні стресори є особливим видом стресорів. Людина проводить своє життя в межах групи, включеною у свою соціальну мережу, і організація цього життя характеризується регулярною соціальною взаємодією, складною культурною рутиною та ментальним життям, укоріненим у спроможності інтерсуб’єктивного взаєморозуміння, здатності до навчання в інших та наявності афіліативних потреб. Теорія соціальної захищеності та підхід орієнтації життєвої історії використовують це підґрунтя для розроблення базованого на еволюційно-спрямованій аргументації підходу до життєвого стресу та здоров’я. Підхід орієнтації життєвої історії вже посів належне місце в медичній антропології, соціальній епідеміології та соціології, тоді як теорія соціальної захищеності є інноваційним підходом, побудованим на аналізі психологічної здатності формувати сталі соціальні стосунки, закладеної в соціальності людини. Цей підхід припускає, що загроза соціальній захищеності є критичною характеристикою стресорів, які підвищують ризики розвитку захворювань. Таким чином формується ланка між соціальною поведінкою, психосоціальним стресом та здоров’ям людини, якщо розглядати цей концептуальний вузол через призму еволюційного підходу. Своєю чергою, підхід орієнтації життєвої історії ґрунтується на теоретичних засадах еволюційної біології та поширює еволюційно-біологічні закономірності у сферу формування психологічних процесів і наслідків для здоров’я. Одним із внесків цього підходу є його сполучення з поясненнями соціологічних рамок, які поєднують ефекти несприятливих життєвих обставин у дитячі роки з наслідками у здоров’ї та соціальній поведінці в дорослості. Обидві ці рамки пропонують важливі концептуальні вузли для дослідників стресу, здоров’я та соціальної поведінки, оскільки вони пояснюють канали, через які соціальна екологія може впливати на біологічні ризики.

Біографія автора

Kateryna Maltseva, Національний університет «Києво-Могилянська академія»

Мальцева Катерина – PhD, кандидатка філософських наук, доцентка кафедри соціології НаУКМА

maltsevaks@ukma.edu.ua

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2022-11-16